How do emotions help construct our cultural identity in music festivals?

2022 was a record year for music festivals in Spain, hitting historic highs just two years after the entire country was locked down due to the pandemic. Spain boasts close to a thousand music festivals and a live music industry that earned 459 million euros in ticket revenue alone in 2022. This is almost 200% more than the previous year, according to figures from the Anuario de la Música en Vivo 2023 (2023 Live Music Yearbook) produced by the country’s Music Promoters’ Association.

Festival attendance keeps on growing. This is a phenomenon that sets the cultural and social agenda for thousands of people, and which also raises many questions. What mark might by left on society by this music festival culture? How are festivalgoers influenced by their experiences there?

Research published in Empirical Studies of the Arts has sought to understand how emotions stirred by music festivals trigger, shape, bolster and influence cultural identification processes.

The work has been headed by Jordi Oliva Codina, holder of a doctoral degree from the UOC (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya) and course instructor at its Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Oliva analyzed, from different standpoints and together with Alba Colombo, member of the same Faculty and of the Language, culture and identity in a global era (IdentiCat) research group, the impact that music festivals have on society.

Colombo has coordinated the UOC’s participation in the Festivals, Events and Inclusive Public Space (FESTPACE) project, which looks at the use of public spaces for different types of events in Europe.

Events designed to create emotions

Oliva and Colombo’s work stems from the following premise: festivals play with the emotions to attract their audience and provide a unique experience. Based on this theory, it has sought to understand how this affects attendees’ sense of identity.

“If someone goes to a festival and hears their favorite group or any other they like, they’ll feel intense positive emotions and will identify with their way of playing, of making music, of dressing, as well as the people around them.

“If this happens once, it may well not be important, but if it happens often or repeatedly in a lot of festivals, it gives rise to identification processes that can determine one’s cultural identity,” explained Oliva.

“Larger or more mainstream festivals, for example, sell themselves as a happy place, where you can find like-minded people, where you can feel like you were at Woodstock in 1968. These emotions lead to the creation of a very appealing process that makes you want to be a part of it,” he added.

These emotions have an impact. Music festivals are designed to create a unique experience for their attendees and therefore have a significant impact on a number of cultural identification processes. This can find form in an influence on musical tastes, in bolstering a regional identity or in an increase in a sense of community. Oliva’s conclusions note that this influence increases when the emotions felt during a festival are more intense.